Magnolias are among Earth’s oldest flowering plants, gracing our planet for many centuries. Some evidence suggests they were even here with the dinosaurs! With their stunning flowers and impressive structures, these botanical treasures offer something for every garden.
Contrary to popular belief, magnolias aren’t exclusive to Southern landscapes. The genus includes hundreds of species with countless cultivars, ranging from compact shrubs to towering shade trees, deciduous or evergreen varieties, with some hardy enough for zone 4 climates. This diversity means gardeners from Michigan to Florida can enjoy the magnificent plants.
The magnolia’s iconic flowers are truly spectacular — some varieties produce blooms up to 12 inches across — and emit an engaging fragrance that can perfume an entire garden. The waxy petals, often creamy white or in shades of pink and purple, create striking displays against glossy, leathery foliage. Many varieties bloom before their leaves emerge in spring. This unusual flowering pattern protects delicate blooms from late-spring pests and provides crucial early-season nectar for pollinators.
When planting magnolias, timing matters significantly. Spring or fall are ideal, though autumn plantings should occur four to six weeks before the first frost to establish roots. Select locations with full to partial sun, offering afternoon shade in hotter regions. These trees develop large, shallow root systems, so keep them away from foundations and sidewalks to prevent structural damage. The ideal soil is slightly acidic, moist and well-draining, though many species adapt surprisingly well to various conditions once established.
Planting is easy: dig a bowl-shaped hole as deep as the root ball and twice as wide, place the tree ensuring the top of the root ball sits level with surrounding soil, backfill, water thoroughly, and apply a donut-shaped mulch layer (keeping mulch away from the trunk to prevent rot). Avoid disturbing the roots during planting, as magnolias are sensitive to root disturbance and may take several seasons to recover from transplant shock.
New trees require frequent watering — several times weekly at first, then weekly as they establish. While fertilizer isn’t necessary, young trees may benefit from balanced 10-10-10 fertilizer in spring during their first few years. Most magnolias require minimal pruning — primarily to remove damaged branches or shape the canopy — which should be done immediately after flowering to avoid removing next year’s flower buds.
James L. Cummins is executive director of Wildlife Mississippi, a nonprofit, conservation organization founded to conserve, restore and enhance fish, wildlife and plant resources throughout Mississippi.
